Are family trusts protected from divorce? In Australia, the answer is no—at least not automatically. While trusts can provide a layer of separation between individuals and assets, the Family Court has wide powers under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) to examine the trust structure. If one or both spouses exercise control or receive benefits, the court may treat the trust property as part of the matrimonial asset pool or as a financial resource in a divorce settlement.
How the Family Court Assesses Trusts in Divorce?
The Family Court assesses trusts in divorce by looking beyond the trust deed and examining the degree of control and benefit each spouse has. If a spouse is the trustee, appointor, or a primary beneficiary, the Court may classify the trust assets as part of the matrimonial property pool. Even where legal ownership lies with the trust, the Court can treat the trust as a “sham” or an alter ego if one party effectively controls the assets. Where neither party has direct control but still benefits financially, the Court may instead treat the trust as a financial resource, influencing how property and assets are divided..
Are Assets in a Family Trust Protected from Divorce?
No, assets in a family trust are not automatically protected from divorce. The Family Court considers whether either spouse has control or a beneficial interest in the trust. If one party is the trustee, appointor, or has significant influence over trust decisions, the assets may be included in the property pool for division. Even where control is limited, the Court can classify the trust as a financial resource that impacts settlement outcomes. Ultimately, protection depends on how the trust is structured, the level of independence of the trustee, and the factual circumstances of the marriage.
Marital vs. Separate Property in Family Trusts
Australia does not adopt the rigid “marital vs. separate property” distinction found in some jurisdictions. Instead, the Family Court applies a just and equitable division.
However, practical distinctions emerge:
- Trusts created before marriage, funded with non-marital assets, may be more defensible.
- Trusts heavily funded or used during the marriage are more likely to be treated as marital property.
- Intermingling of funds, such as using trust assets for household expenses, significantly weakens protection.
Discretionary vs. Irrevocable Trusts
The type of trust also influences treatment in divorce proceedings:
- Discretionary Trusts: Courts often pierce these structures because control and benefit usually remain within the family.
- Irrevocable Trusts: Rare in Australia, but where they exist, they provide stronger protection as assets are no longer under a party’s control. Nonetheless, courts may intervene if such trusts were established to defeat a spouse’s claim.
Factors Courts Consider in Family Trust Divorce Cases
Judges assess multiple elements when deciding whether trust assets fall within the asset pool:
- Trust deed terms, particularly appointor and trustee powers.
- Identity of controllers – trustee, appointor, guardian, or directors of a corporate trustee.
- History of distributions – consistency and purpose of benefits received.
- Timing of establishment – before or after the relationship commenced.
- Evidence of contributions – whether trust property was acquired or maintained using marital funds.
FAQs: Are Family Trusts Protected from Divorce?
To provide clarity, here are answers to the most common legal questions Australians search for on this issue.
Are Family Trusts Protected from Divorce?
Not automatically. Courts examine whether a spouse exercises effective control or benefits significantly. If so, the trust may be treated as matrimonial property.
How Are Trusts Treated in Divorce Settlements?
Trusts may be included in the asset pool or treated as financial resources, depending on control structures, distributions, and trust deed provisions.
Are Assets in a Trust Protected from Divorce?
Only if the trust is independently controlled, established well before the relationship, and clearly separated from family finances.
Are Family Trusts Divisible in Divorce?
Yes. If one party has practical control, courts can treat trust assets as divisible property. If not, they may still influence the final percentage division.
Are Trusts Considered Marital Assets in Divorce?
When trust assets are used for family purposes or funded by marital contributions, they are generally treated as marital property.
How Does Divorce Impact Family Trusts?
Divorce can trigger court scrutiny, removal of trustees, or reallocation of benefits to ensure a fair and equitable division between spouses.
Conclusion
So, are family trusts protected from divorce? The legal position is clear: family trusts are not immune. The Family Court prioritises fairness and will look beyond formal trust structures where one or both spouses exercise control or derive benefit.
While trusts can provide a degree of asset protection, their effectiveness depends on careful structuring, independent control, and clear separation from family finances. For individuals relying on trusts in family law contexts, early planning and professional legal advice are essential. If you are wondering how to find a family lawyer, tailored legal support can help ensure compliance and effective planning.
Legal Finda connects Australians with experienced family and trust lawyers who can advise on asset protection, settlement strategies, and compliance with the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth).
