When a loved one passes away, their estate must be managed and distributed according to their wishes, as stated in their will. However, before an executor can legally handle assets, they often need to go through a legal process called the Probate Process of Wills.
The probate process of Wills is a court-supervised procedure that validates a deceased person's will and grants the executor the legal authority to administer the estate. Without probate, financial institutions, government bodies, and real estate agencies may refuse to release assets to the executor.
In Australia, the Probate Process of Wills can be complex, requiring careful legal compliance. If you are an executor, beneficiary, or someone navigating estate administration, this guide will walk you through the steps, common challenges, and legal considerations involved.
What Is the Probate Process of Wills?
The probate process of will is a legal recognition that a deceased person's will is valid and grants the executor permission to carry out the instructions in the will. Not all estates require probate, but many financial institutions and property authorities require an official probate document before releasing assets.
In some jurisdictions, such as New South Wales, probate procedures can vary slightly depending on local court requirements. Understanding how probate applications work in New South Wales can help executors prepare more effectively for region-specific expectations and document submissions.
When Is Probate Required?
The need for probate depends on the nature and value of the estate. The probate process of Wills is typically required if:
- The deceased owned real estate solely in their name.
- The estate includes bank accounts, shares, or superannuation funds exceeding a financial threshold.
- Financial institutions or asset holders request a grant of probate before releasing funds.
- There is a dispute over the will, or concerns about its authenticity.
In contrast, the Probate Process of Wills may not be required if:
- The deceased had joint ownership of all significant assets (e.g., joint bank accounts or co-owned property).
- The estate is small, and banks release funds without probate.
- There is no will—though in this case, an administrator (not an executor) is appointed instead.
Each Australian state has different Probate Process of Wills laws and thresholds, so checking with the relevant Supreme Court is essential.
Step-by-Step Guide to the Probate Process of Wills in Australia
Identifying the Executor
The executor is the person named in the will who is responsible for managing the deceased's estate. The executor's role includes:
- Applying for probate.
- Collecting and distributing assets.
- Paying off debts and taxes.
- Handling legal matters or disputes.
If no executor is named, the court appoints an administrator to perform similar duties.
Publishing a Notice of Intended Application
In most Australian states, before an executor applies for probate, they must publish a notice of their intention to apply. This serves as:
- A public announcement giving creditors or other claimants time to lodge claims against the estate.
- A waiting period of at least 14 days (varies by state) before submitting a probate application.
Lodging the Probate Application
After the notice period, the executor files a probate application with the Supreme Court in their state. This includes:
- The original will and a certified death certificate.
- An inventory of estate assets and liabilities.
- A formal affidavit stating the executor’s responsibility.
Filing fees vary by state and depend on the estate's value. For example, in Victoria, fees have significantly increased for larger estates, leading to concerns about a "death tax by stealth." Executors should also be aware of what to expect in terms of time for completing probate, as the process can take several months depending on the estate's complexity and court workload.
Court Review and Grant of Probate
Once submitted, the Supreme Court reviews the application to:
- Ensure the will is valid (e.g., signed correctly, free from fraud).
- Confirm the executor is legally entitled to act.
- Check for any objections from other parties.
If everything is in order, the court issues a Grant of Probate, legally allowing the executor to manage and distribute the estate.
Collecting and Distributing Assets
With the Grant of Probate, the executor can:
- Access bank accounts, investments, and superannuation funds.
- Sell or transfer property titles.
- Settle debts, taxes, and funeral expenses.
- Distribute remaining assets to beneficiaries as per the will.
Handling Disputes and Legal Challenges in the Probate Process of Wills
Even with a valid will, disputes can arise, including:
- Family members contest the will if they believe they were unfairly left out.
- Multiple executors disagree on estate management.
- Claims from creditors or former spouses.
If disputes escalate, mediation or estate litigation may be required, making legal assistance crucial.
Common Challenges in the Probate Process of Wills
- Lost Wills – If the original will cannot be found, probate becomes more complicated. Courts may require evidence of its contents or assume intestacy (no will).
- Executor Conflicts – Disagreements between multiple executors can delay the process. Executors should work cooperatively or seek legal guidance.
- Unclaimed Superannuation – Superannuation does not always form part of the estate. If beneficiaries are unclear, the super fund trustee decides its distribution.
- Debts Exceeding Assets – If the estate's debts outweigh its assets, distribution to beneficiaries may not be possible. Executors must follow priority debt payment rules.
Recent Changes in Probate Laws and Fees
In 2024, Victoria introduced significant increases in the Probate Process of Wills fees for larger estates, with some fees rising by over 650%.
The rising costs have led to debates over whether higher probate fees disproportionately impact families dealing with estate matters.
Executors must stay informed on state-specific legal updates to avoid unexpected financial burdens.
Conclusion: Simplifying the Probate Process of Wills with Legal Finda
Navigating the Probate Process of Wills can be complex, requiring legal expertise and patience. Understanding the steps involved ensures estates are managed efficiently and in line with the deceased’s wishes.
If you are an executor, beneficiary, or concerned family member, seeking professional legal guidance can help streamline the Probate Process of Wills and prevent costly mistakes.
Legal Finda connects you with experienced estate lawyers in Australia, ensuring probate applications, disputes, and estate distributions are handled professionally and efficiently.
Need expert probate advice? Contact Legal Finda today and ensure your estate matters are in safe hands.
